Objective To analyze the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody testing status and the epidemiological characteristics of newly reported HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases at a maternal and child health institution in Guangxi from 2010 to 2025, so as to provide scientific evidence for optimizing AIDS prevention and control strategies. Methods A retrospective study was conducted using data from the Comprehensive AIDS Prevention and Control Information System of the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Case data of individuals who underwent HIV antibody testing at the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from January 1st, 2010 to December 31st, 2025 and were eventually confirmed positive were collected. A Joinpoint regression model was constructed to analyze the temporal trends in the new detection rate of HIV/AIDS cases, with the model corresponding to the minimum weighted Bayesian information criterion (WBIC) selected as the optimal model. The annual percentage change (APC) for each segment (if any) and the average annual percentage change (AAPC) over the entire period were estimated from the model. The study period was divided into three intervals (2010-2014, 2015-2020, and 2021-2025) to compare the differences in demographic characteristics, sample sources, exposure factors, and transmission route distribution among newly reported cases across the different periods. Results From 2010 to 2025, a total of 1 187 057 HIV antibody tests were performed, and 211 new HIV/AIDS cases were reported. The number of people receiving HIV antibody tests (annual) increased from 24 091 person-times in 2010 to 110 718 person-times in 2024; over the same period, the number of newly reported cases (annual) fluctuated downward from a peak of 27 in 2012 to 2 in 2024; the new detection rate (annual) decreased from 9.13 per 10 000 person-times in 2010 to 0.18 per 10 000 person-times in 2024. The Joinpoint regression model showed no turning point in the new detection rate of HIV/AIDS cases from 2010 to 2025, with a single linear downward trend over the entire period; the APC was -20.71% (95% CI: -25.08% to -16.09%, P<0.001), and the AAPC was consistent with the APC. Among the 211 newly reported HIV/AIDS cases, apart from occupation, the distribution of other demographic characteristics—including gender, age, ethnicity, marital status, education level, and disease stage—remained stable across the three periods (all P>0.05). The distribution of sample sources showed statistically significant differences across periods (P<0.05): voluntary counseling and testing and premarital examination predominated in 2010-2014; voluntary counseling and testing and other patient testing predominated in 2015-2020; and other patient testing and preoperative testing predominated in 2021-2025. Regarding exposure factors, among the 211 newly reported HIV/AIDS cases, 77.73% (164 cases) had a history of non‑marital heterosexual contact, and 21.33% (45 cases) had spouses/regular sexual partners who were HIV‑positive. The composition of transmission routes among newly reported HIV/AIDS cases showed no statistically significant difference (P>0.05), with heterosexual transmission being the predominant route in all periods. Conclusion From 2010 to 2025, HIV testing coverage at this maternal and child health institution has continuously expanded, while the number of newly reported cases and the new detection rate have significantly declined, indicating notable prevention and control achievements. The primary mode of case detection has shifted from patient‑initiated active testing to passive detection during routine medical examinations. It is recommended to continuously strengthen antenatal screening and interventions targeting key populations such as middle‑aged and elderly individuals and the homemakers/unemployed, while also paying attention to the risk of intra‑family transmission, so as to further reduce the mother‑to‑child transmission rate and the rate of late diagnosis.

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