Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics of common diseases/positive findings in health examinations among medical staff in Guangxi. Methods A cross‑sectional study design was adopted. Health examination data of 3 423 in‑service medical staff who completed their health check‑ups at the Health Management Center of a grade A tertiary general hospital in Guangxi from October 2023 to September 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. The detection of common diseases/positive findings, metabolic diseases/positive findings, sex‑specific diseases/positive findings, and significant abnormal health check‑ups findings were analyzed. Results A total of 3 423 medical staff were included, aged 20-69 years, with a mean age of (39.63 ± 14.46) years; among them, 927 (27.08%) were males and 2 496 (72.92%) were females; young and middle‑aged individuals (20-<60 years) accounted for 99.36%. (1) A total of 3 050 participants (89.10%) had at least one disease/positive finding, with a higher detection rate in males (92.77%) than in females (87.74%) (P<0.05). (2) Among the common disease/positive findings, the top 10 most prevalent were: thyroid positive findings (58.92%), dyslipidemia (48.90%), hyperhomocysteinemia (41.93%), refractive errors (40.64%), dental positive findings (38.80%), pulmonary nodules (29.56%), fatty liver (23.69%), body mass index≥24 kg/m2 (23.61%), carotid atherosclerosis or intima‑media thickening (19.33%), and gallbladder diseases (15.10%). Subgroup analysis by sex, regarding the common diseases/positive findings, showed that the detection rates of thyroid positive findings (65.71% vs. 40.67%) and pulmonary nodules (32.33% vs. 22.11%) were higher in females than in males (all P<0.05); the detection rates of some metabolic diseases/positive findings were higher in males than in females (all P<0.05); refractive errors showed no sex difference (P>0.05). (3) Among metabolic diseases/positive findings, dyslipidemia (48.90%) and hyperhomocysteinemia (41.93%) had the highest detection rates. (4) Among sex‑specific diseases/positive findings, cervical positive findings had the highest detection rate in females (58.12%), while prostatic enlargement was detected in 17.15% of males. (5) Among significant abnormal health check‑ups findings, thyroid occupying lesion pending further characterization had the highest detection rate (1.31%), followed by abnormal cervical liquid‑based cytology (0.87%) and breast echo with undetermined nature (0.64%). Conclusion The detection rate of diseases/positive findings in health examinations among medical staff in Guangxi is high, with metabolic diseases/positive findings constituting the main health burden. Metabolic risks are particularly prominent in the male group, while thyroid issues, pulmonary nodules, and cervical lesions are quite prominent in the female group.

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